Ctrl+Alt+Del eller Ctrl+Alt+Delete er en populær kombination af 3 taster på tastaturet. Det bruges til at udføre forskellige funktioner i Windows , såsom at åbne opgavehåndteringen eller lukke et program, der er gået ned. Denne tastekombination er også kendt som tre-fingers salut. Det blev først introduceret af en IBM- ingeniør ved navn David Bradley i begyndelsen af ​​1980'erne. Det blev oprindeligt brugt til at genstarte et IBM PC-kompatibelt system.

What is Ctrl+Alt+Delete?

Specialiteten ved denne tastekombination er den funktion, den udfører, afhænger af den kontekst, den bruges i. I dag bruges det primært til at udføre administrative funktioner på en Windows -enhed. Ctrl- og Alt- tasterne trykkes først ned samtidigt, efterfulgt af Delete- tasten.

Nogle vigtige anvendelser af denne tastekombination^{(Some important uses of this key combination)}

Ctrl+Alt+Del kan bruges til at genstarte computeren. Når den bruges, mens den er tændt selvtest^{(Power-on Self-Test)} , genstarter den systemet.

Den samme kombination udfører en anden funktion i Windows 3.x og Windows 9x . Hvis du trykker på denne to gange, starter genstartsprocessen uden at lukke åbne programmer. Dette tømmer også sidecachen og afmonterer volumener sikkert. Men du kan ikke gemme noget arbejde, før systemet begynder at genstarte. Processer, der kører, kan heller ikke lukkes korrekt.

Tip: Det er ikke en god praksis at bruge Ctrl+Alt+Del til at genstarte din computer, hvis du ikke vil miste vigtige filer. Nogle filer kan blive ødelagt, hvis du starter genstart uden at gemme dem eller lukke dem korrekt.

I Windows XP , Vista og 7 kan kombinationen bruges til at logge på en brugerkonto. Generelt er denne funktion deaktiveret som standard. Hvis du vil bruge denne genvej, er der et sæt trin til at aktivere funktionen.

De, der har logget på et system med Windows 10/Vista/7/8 , kan bruge Ctrl+Alt+Del til at åbne denne Windows - sikkerhed. Dette giver dig følgende muligheder – lås systemet, skift bruger, log af, luk/genstart eller åbn Task Manager (hvor du kan se de aktive processer/applikationer).

An in-detail view of Ctrl+Alt+Del

Ubuntu og Debian er Linux - baserede systemer, hvor du kan bruge Ctrl+Alt+Del til at logge ud af dit system. I Ubuntu kan du ved hjælp af genvejen genstarte systemet uden at logge ind.

I nogle applikationer, såsom VMware Workstation og andre fjern-/virtuelle desktop-applikationer, sender en bruger en genvej med Ctrl+Alt+Del til et andet system ved hjælp af en menuindstilling. Indtastning af kombinationen, som du plejer, vil ikke overføre den til en anden applikation.

Som nævnt før bliver du præsenteret for et sæt muligheder på Windows -sikkerhedsskærmen, når du bruger Ctrl+Alt+Del . Listen over muligheder kan tilpasses. En mulighed kan skjules fra listen, Registreringseditor^(Registry) bruges til at ændre de indstillinger, der vises på skærmen.

I nogle tilfælde vil et tryk på Alt- knappen udføre den samme funktion, som Ctrl+Alt+Del gør. Dette virker kun, hvis softwaren ikke bruger Alt som en genvej til en anden funktion.

The story behind Ctrl+Alt+Del

David Bradley var en del af teamet af programmører i IBM , som arbejdede på at udvikle en ny personlig computer ( projekt Acorn^{(project Acorn)} ). For at følge med konkurrenterne Apple og RadioShack fik holdet kun et år til at fuldføre projektet.

Et almindeligt problem for programmørerne var, at når de stod over for en fejl i kodningen, måtte de manuelt genstarte hele systemet. Dette ville ske ofte, og de mistede værdifuld tid. For at overvinde dette problem kom David Bradley med Ctrl+Alt+Del som en genvej til at genstarte systemet. Dette kunne nu bruges til at nulstille systemet uden hukommelsestestene, hvilket sparer dem for en masse tid. Han anede sandsynligvis ikke, hvor populær den simple tastekombination ville blive i fremtiden.

David Bradley – the man Behind Ctrl+Alt+Del

I 1975 begyndte David Bradley at arbejde som programmør for IBM . Det var en tid, hvor computere lige havde vundet popularitet, og mange virksomheder forsøgte at gøre computere mere tilgængelige. Bradley var en del af teamet, der arbejdede på Datamaster – et^{(Datamaster – one)} af IBMs^(IBM) mislykkede forsøg på en pc.

Senere i 1980 var Bradley det sidste medlem, der blev valgt til Project Acorn . Teamet havde 12 medlemmer, som arbejdede på at bygge en pc fra bunden. De fik en kort varighed på et år til at bygge pc'en. Holdet arbejdede stille og roligt med ringe eller ingen ekstern indblanding.

Næsten da holdet var fem måneder inde, skabte Bradley denne populære genvej. Han plejede at arbejde med fejlfinding af wire-wrap boards, skrive input-output-programmer og en række andre ting. Bradley vælger netop disse taster på grund af deres placering på tastaturet. Det var højst usandsynligt, at nogen samtidig ville trykke så langt fra hinanden ved et uheld.

Men da han kom med genvejen, var den kun beregnet til hans team af programmører, ikke til slutbrugeren.

Genvejen møder slutbrugeren^{(The shortcut meets the end-user)}

Det yderst dygtige team gennemførte projektet til tiden. Da IBM -pc'en blev introduceret på markedet, lavede marketingeksperter høje skøn over salget. IBM afviste imidlertid tallene som et overoptimistisk skøn. Lidt vidste de, hvor populære disse pc'er ville blive. Det var et hit blandt masserne, da folk begyndte at bruge pc'er til forskellige aktiviteter såsom at redigere dokumenter og spille spil.

På dette tidspunkt var de færreste opmærksomme på genvejen på maskinen. Det vandt først popularitet, da Windows OS blev almindeligt i løbet af 1990'erne. Da pc'er gik ned, begyndte folk at dele genvejen som en hurtig løsning. Således spredes genvejen og dens brug fra mund til mund. Dette blev en besparelse for folk, når de gik i stå med et program/applikation, eller når deres systemer gik ned. Det var dengang, journalisterne opfandt udtrykket 'tre-finger salut' for at betegne denne populære genvej.

2001 markerede 20 ^-års jubilæet for IBM PC . På det tidspunkt har IBM solgt omkring 500 millioner pc'er. Et stort antal mennesker samledes på San Jose Tech Museum of Innovation for at fejre begivenheden. Der var en paneldebat med anerkendte brancheeksperter. Det første spørgsmål i paneldebatten var til David Bradley om hans lille, men betydningsfulde opfindelse, der er blevet en del af Windows-brugeroplevelsen^{(Windows user)} over hele verden.

Læs også: ^{(Also Read:)} Send Ctrl+Alt+Delete i en fjernskrivebordssession

Microsoft og nøgle-kontrol-kombinationen^{(Microsoft and the key-control combination)}

Microsoft introducerede denne genvej som en sikkerhedsfunktion. Det var beregnet til at blokere malware, der forsøgte at få adgang til brugeroplysninger. Bill Gates siger dog, at det var en fejl. Hans præference var at have én knap, der kunne bruges til at logge ind.

På det tidspunkt, da Microsoft henvendte sig til IBM for at inkludere en enkelt Windows- nøgle, der kunne udføre genvejens funktion, blev deres anmodning afvist. Med andre producenters opblomstring blev Windows- nøglen endelig inkluderet. Den bruges dog kun til at åbne startmenuen.

Til sidst inkluderede Windows en dobbelt login-sekvens for sikker login. De kunne bruge den nye Windows -tast og tænd/sluk-knap eller den gamle Ctrl+Alt+Del - kombination. Moderne Windows -tablets har den sikre login-funktion deaktiveret som standard. Hvis du vil bruge det, skal det aktiveres af administratoren.

Hvad med MacOS?^{(What about MacOS?)}

Denne tastekombination bruges ikke i macOS . I stedet for dette kan Command+Option+Esc bruges til at åbne Force Quit-menuen^{(Force Quit Menu)} . Ved at trykke på Control+Option+Delete på MacOS vil en meddelelse blinke – 'Dette er ikke DOS'. I Xfce vil Ctrl+Alt+Del låse skærmen, og pauseskærmen vises.

Generelt forbliver den almindelige brug af denne kombination for at komme ud af et program, der ikke reagerer, eller en proces, der går ned.

Resumé^(Summary)

• Ctrl+Alt+Del er en tastaturgenvej.
• Det er også kendt som tre-finger salut.
• Det bruges til at udføre administrative handlinger.
• Det er meget brugt af Windows - brugere til at åbne Task Manager, logge af, skifte bruger, lukke ned eller genstarte systemet.
• At bruge genvejen til regelmæssigt at genstarte systemet er en dårlig praksis. Visse^(Certain) vigtige filer kan blive beskadiget. Åbne filer lukkes ikke ordentligt. Dataene gemmes heller ikke.
• Dette virker ikke i macOS. Der er en anden kombination for Mac -enheder.
• En IBM- programmør, David Bradley , opfandt denne kombination. Det var beregnet til privat brug af hans team for at spare tid, mens de genstartede den pc, de var ved at udvikle.
• Men da Windows tog fart, spredte man sig om genvejen, der hurtigt kunne rette systemnedbrud. Det blev således den mest populære kombination blandt slutbrugere.
• Når alt andet er fejlet, er Ctrl+Alt+Del vejen!

What is Ctrl+Alt+Delete? (Definition & History)

Ctrl+Alt+Del or Сtrl+Alt+Delete is a popular combination of 3 keys on thе keyboard. It is used tо perform νаrious functions in Windows such as opening the task manager or shutting down an application that haѕ crashed. Thiѕ key combination is also known as the three-finger salυte. It was first intrоduced by an IBM engineer named David Bradlеy in the early 1980s. It was initially used to restart an IBM PС-compatible system.

What is Ctrl+Alt+Delete?

The specialty of this key combination is the function it performs depends on the context in which it is used. Today it is primarily used to perform administrative functions on a Windows device. The Ctrl and Alt keys are first pressed simultaneously, followed by the Delete key.

Some important uses of this key combination

Ctrl+Alt+Del can be used to restart the computer. When used while on Power-on Self-Test, it will reboot the system.

The same combination performs a different function in Windows 3.x and Windows 9x. If you press this twice, the rebooting process starts without shutting down open programs. This also flushes the page cache and safely unmounts volumes. But you cannot save any work before the system starts rebooting. Also, processes that are running cannot be closed properly.

Tip: It is not a good practice to use Ctrl+Alt+Del to restart your computer if you do not want to lose important files. Some files may get corrupted if you start restart without saving them or closing them properly.

In Windows XP, Vista, and 7, the combination can be used to login to a user account. Generally, this feature is disabled by default. If you want to use this shortcut, there is a set of steps to enable the feature.

Those who have logged in to a system with Windows 10/Vista/7/8 can use Ctrl+Alt+Del to open that Windows security. This provides you with the following options – lock the system, switch user, log off, shut down/reboot or open the Task Manager (where you can view the active processes/applications).

An in-detail view of Ctrl+Alt+Del

Ubuntu and Debian are Linux based systems where you can use Ctrl+Alt+Del to log out of your system. In Ubuntu, using the shortcut you can reboot the system without logging in.

In some applications such as VMware Workstation and other remote/virtual desktop applications, one user to send a shortcut of Ctrl+Alt+Del to another system using a menu option. Entering the combination like you usually do will not pass it to another application.

As mentioned before, you are presented with a set of options in the Windows security screen when you use Ctrl+Alt+Del. The list of options can be customized. An option can be hidden from the list, Registry editor is used for modifying the options displayed on the screen.

In some cases, pressing just the Alt button will perform the same function that Ctrl+Alt+Del does. This works only if the software does not use Alt as a shortcut for a different function.

The story behind Ctrl+Alt+Del

David Bradley was a part of the team of programmers in IBM who were working on developing a new personal computer (project Acorn). To keep up with competitors Apple and RadioShack, the team was given just a year to complete the project.

A common problem faced by the programmers was, when they faced a glitch in coding, they had to manually restart the entire system. This would happen often, and they were losing valuable time. To overcome this issue, David Bradley came up with the Ctrl+Alt+Del as a shortcut for rebooting the system. This could now be used to reset the system without the memory tests, saving them a lot of time. He probably had no idea how popular the simple key combination would become in the future.

David Bradley – the man Behind Ctrl+Alt+Del

In 1975, David Bradley started working as a programmer for IBM. It was a time when computers had just gained popularity and many companies were trying to make computers more accessible. Bradley was a part of the team that worked on Datamaster – one of IBM’s failed attempts at a PC.

Later in 1980, Bradley was the last member chosen for Project Acorn. The team had 12 members who were working on building a PC from scratch. They were given a short duration of one year to build the PC. The team worked quietly with little or no external interference.

Almost when the team was five months in, Bradley created this popular shortcut. He used to work on troubleshooting wire-wrap boards, writing input-output programs, and a range of other things. Bradley chooses these particular keys due to their placement on the keyboard. It was highly unlikely that anyone would simultaneously press such far apart keys accidentally.

However, when he came up with the shortcut, it was intended only for his team of programmers, not for the end-user.

The shortcut meets the end-user

The highly skilled team completed the project on time. Once the IBM PC was introduced in the market, marketing experts made high estimates of its sales. IBM, however, dismissed the numbers as an overoptimistic estimate. Little did they know how popular these PCs would become. It was a hit among the masses as people started using PCs for various activities such as editing documents and playing games.

At this time, few people were aware of the shortcut on the machine. It gained popularity only when Windows OS became common during the 1990s. When PCs crashed, people started sharing the shortcut as a quick fix. Thus, the shortcut and its usage spread by word of mouth. This became a saving grace for people when they got stuck with a program/application or when their systems crashed. It was then that the journalists coined the term ‘the three-finger salute’ to denote this popular shortcut.

2001 marked the 20^th anniversary of IBM PC. By then, IBM has sold about 500 million PCs. A large number of people gathered at the San Jose Tech Museum of Innovation to commemorate the event. There was a panel discussion with renowned industry experts. The first question in the panel discussion was to David Bradley about his small but significant invention that has become a part and parcel of Windows user experience all over the world.

Also Read: Send Ctrl+Alt+Delete in a Remote Desktop Session

Microsoft and the key-control combination

Microsoft introduced this shortcut as a security feature. It was intended to block malware trying to gain access to user info. However, Bill Gates says that it was a mistake. His preference was to have one button that could be used for logging in.

At that time, when Microsoft approached IBM to include a single Windows key that would perform the function of the shortcut, their request was refused. With the bloom of other manufacturers, the Windows key was finally included. It is, however, used only to open the start menu.

Eventually, Windows included a dual login sequence for secure login. They could use the new Windows key and power button or the old Ctrl+Alt+Del combination. Modern Windows tablets have the secure login feature disabled by default. If you want to use it, it has to be enabled by the administrator.

What about MacOS?

This key combination is not used in macOS. Instead of this, Command+Option+Esc can be used to open the Force Quit Menu. Pressing the Control+Option+Delete on MacOS will flash a message – ‘This is not DOS.’ In Xfce, Ctrl+Alt+Del will lock the screen and the screensaver will appear.

Generally, the common use of this combination remains to get out of an unresponsive application or a process that is crashing.

Summary

• Ctrl+Alt+Del is a keyboard shortcut.
• It is also known as the three-finger salute.
• It is used to perform administrative operations.
• It is widely used by Windows users to open the Task manager, log off, switch user, shut down or reboot the system.
• Using the shortcut to regularly restart the system is a bad practice. Certain important files may get corrupted. Open files are not closed properly. Neither is the data saved.
• This does not work in macOS. There is a different combination for Mac devices.
• An IBM programmer, David Bradley invented this combination. It was meant for private use by his team to save time while rebooting the PC they were developing.
• However, when Windows took off, word spread about the shortcut that could quickly fix system crashes. Thus, it became the most popular combination among end-users.
• When all else has failed, Ctrl+Alt+Del is the way!

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