Tal om en kompleks ting at gøre: at installere Windows over netværket. Selv at installere det via et USB -drev er nemmere. Dette betyder dog ikke, at det ikke kan lade sig gøre. Ved at bruge et gratis værktøj ved navn Serva og lidt tid og opmærksomhed kan enhver konfigurere sit netværksmiljø, så Windows - installationer udføres nemt fra én netværkscomputer. Her er hvordan hele processen fungerer!
MEGET VIGTIGE forudsætninger
Der er mange ting, du skal forberede på forhånd, så det hele fungerer problemfrit. Undlad venligst(Please) at springe nogen af disse elementer over, ellers vil sandsynligheden for fejl være stor:
You need to download and extract a little tool named Serva. Download the appropriate version for your operating system (32-bit or 64-bit). You will notice that there are a "Non-Supporter" version and a "Supporter" version. The free one is the "Non-Supporter" version. It includes a small annoyance when you start it, plus a few limitations that won't impact you unless you are a network admin or IT professional who needs to install lots of operating systems on many network computers. If you are such a professional, go ahead and purchase the "Supporter" version which costs a fair $29.99.
"D:SERVA"
You need the original installation files for the operating system(s) you want to install over the network. Have them at hand as you will need to copy them to a special folder, as they are, without modifications.
For the computers where you are about to install Windows over the network, identify their exact network card model(s). Then, download the appropriate drivers for the Windows version you are about to install on them. By default, Windows setup programs support a limited number of network cards. If your system is rather new, then it is very likely that it won't support its network card and the installation procedure will fail.
Every time you run Serva, run it as administrator. This way it has the required permissions to create files, save the settings you make, etc.
When you run Serva, make sure that it is not blocked by your firewall. The application must be set as allowed on the computer where it runs, otherwise it won't be able to transfer anything over the network.
The computer where the installation files are stored and the one where you want to install Windows must be part of the same network. This means that you have a router on your home network, managing network IP addresses and network traffic. If not, then you should directly connect the two computers with a crossover cable.
Trin 1 - Kør Serva(Run Serva) og lav(Make) dens indledende(Initial) konfiguration
Kør Serva(Run Serva) som administrator. Den gratis version vil bede dig om at vente i 7 sekunder, før du kan bruge den. Når ventetiden er ovre, skal du klikke på "Tak, ikke i dag"("Thanks, not today") .
Dens vindue er nu åbent. Klik på Indstillinger(Settings) .
Gå først til fanen DHCP . Hvis dine computere er en del af det samme netværk, og administrationen af IP-adresser(IP Addresses) varetages af din router, skal du aktivere disse indstillinger: proxyDHCP og BINL .
BINL er en speciel tilføjelse, der fungerer som en DHCP -protokoludvidelse, og den bruges af Serva under dets forberedelses- og vedligeholdelsesprocedurer. proxyDHCP er en speciel indstilling, der fortæller Serva , at den ikke behøver at fungere som en DCHP -server for at give IP-adresser til de computere, der forbinder til den.
Selvom Servas(Serva) udviklere ikke anbefaler at aktivere denne indstilling, har vi lært i vores test, at det hjælper med at eliminere nogle problemer. Aktiver derfor(Therefore) også boksen, der siger "Bind DHCP til denne adresse"("Bind DHCP to this address") , og lad den angivne standard-IP-adresse.
Der er ingen grund til at ændre andre indstillinger på denne fane. Gå derefter(Next) til fanen TFTP .
TFTP kommer fra Trivial File Transfer Protocol , og det er den protokol, der bruges af Serva til at overføre filer over netværket. Denne protokol har også brug for lidt konfiguration.
Først skal du markere afkrydsningsfeltet i nærheden af TFTP Server . Derefter skal du angive den såkaldte "root"-mappe. Dette er den mappe, hvor du planlægger at gemme Windows -installationsfilerne. Denne mappe kan være den samme mappe, hvor du udpakkede Serva eller en ny. Husk, at du skal bruge korte stier og undgå at bruge mellemrum og specialtegn (*, &, ", osv.) i mappenavnet eller dets sti.
For at hjælpe med at eliminere problemer i nogle netværksmiljøer, vil du måske også markere afkrydsningsfeltet i nærheden af "Bind TFTP til denne adresse"("Bind TFTP to this address") og lade standard-IP-adressen være uændret.
Tryk på OK(OK) for at gemme dine indstillinger. Luk derefter Serva og start den igen (som administrator). Under genstarten vil den oprette en speciel mappestruktur i den rodmappe, du har angivet.
Blandt(Amongst) disse mapper skal du finde en med navnet WIA_WDS og en anden med navnet WIA_RIS . Hvis de ikke findes i den rodmappe, du har angivet, gik der noget galt med Servas(Serva) konfiguration. Hvis alt er godt, så gå videre og læs næste afsnit i denne artikel.
Trin 2 - Kopier Windows-installationsfilerne(Windows Installation Files)
Gå til den rodmappe, du har angivet. Her skal du kopiere Windows -installationsfilerne, som de er, uden nogen ændringer fra din side.
Hvis du vil installere ældre versioner af Windows som Windows XP eller Windows 2000 , skal du kopiere disse filer i mappen WIA_RIS . Da disse operativsystemer er meget gamle, og vi ikke anbefaler at bruge dem, giver vi ikke specifikke instruktioner til dem.
Hvis du planlægger at installere Windows Vista , Windows 7 eller Windows 8 , skal du åbne mappen WIA_WDS . Der skal du oprette en ny mappe med navnet i henhold til den Windows -version, du vil kopiere. Brug(Use) simple mappenavne uden mellemrum eller specialtegn. For eksempel brugte jeg Windows_7 .
Opret(Create) separate mapper med forskellige navne for alle de Windows -versioner, du planlægger at installere over netværket, ved hjælp af Serva .
Inde i den mappe skal du kopiere og indsætte alle installationsfilerne til den Windows -version, du vil installere over netværket. Du skal blot(Simply) gå til roden af installationsdisken og kopiere hele dens fil- og mappestruktur.
Trin 3 - Start Serva
Start Serva igen som administrator, og vent på, at den registrerer de installationsfiler, du tilføjede. Det vil skabe sin specielle mappestruktur, der kræves for at distribuere installationsfilerne over netværket.
Luk derefter Serva og gå til næste trin.
Trin 4 - Kopier netværkskortdriveren(Network Card Driver) (e)
Dernæst skal du kopiere netværkskortdriverne til den eller de computere, som du vil installere Windows på .
Gå til den mappe, hvor du kopierede installationsfilerne. I mit tilfælde var det "D:serva" (både root- og Serva - installationsmappen), efterfulgt af "WIA_WDSWindows_7" .
Der skal du gå til "$OEM$$1DriversNIC" . Hvis du ikke kan finde disse mapper, skal du oprette dem selv.
Udtræk derefter netværkskortdriverne og anbring dem indeni. Hvis dine drivere kommer som en setup.exe eller som et selvudpakkeligt arkiv, skal du først udpakke det. Sørg for, at driverens ".inf"- og ".cat" -filer er gemt direkte i NIC - mappen.
Trin 5 - Del WIA_WDS-mappe(WIA_WDS Folder) med netværket
For at Serva kan distribuere Windows -installationsfilerne over netværket, skal de deles med netværket, så andre computere kan få adgang til dem. Desværre kræver Serva , at du deler WIA_WDS- mappen (og ikke dens undermapper eller andre mapper) ved at bruge et meget specifikt delingsnavn: WIA_WDS_SHARE . Brug af et andet sharenavn betyder, at installationsproceduren sandsynligvis vil mislykkes.
For at dele denne mappe med det navn, vi nævnte, skal du først aktivere avanceret deling i Windows og derefter dele den. Sådan fungerer avanceret deling i Windows : Del biblioteker eller mapper ved hjælp af avanceret deling(Share Libraries or Folders Using Advanced Sharing) .
Du skal give brugeren Alle(Everyone) skrivebeskyttede tilladelser. Du kan også dele denne mappe med specifikke brugerkonti, hvis loginoplysninger du vil bruge senere under netværksinstallationsprocessen. Igen(Again) er skrivebeskyttede tilladelser nok.
Trin 6 - Start Serva
Start Serva igen ved at bruge administratorrettigheder. Den registrerer de netværksdrivere, du tilføjede, og foretager nogle få ændringer, så driverne distribueres korrekt, når du starter installationsprocessen på andre computere. Du kan nu lade den stå åben og vente på netværksforbindelser.
Gå derefter til den eller de computere, hvor du vil installere Windows .
Trin 7 - På mål-pc'en(Target PC) - Aktiver Lan Booting & Boot fra netværket
Gå til den computer, hvor du vil installere Windows , og indtast dens BIOS . Sørg(Make) for, at netværksstart er aktiveret. Denne indstilling kan kaldes "Opstart fra netværket"("Boot from the network") eller "Opstart fra PXE"("Boot from PXE") .
Start derefter computeren, og tryk på den nødvendige tast for at få startmenuen(Boot Menu) frem . På de fleste computere skal du trykke på F12 eller F8 afhængigt af BIOS - versionen. Vælg Network eller PXE (igen, dette afhænger af din computers BIOS ) for at starte fra netværket ved hjælp af Serva .
Hvis alt er i orden, skal du se en skærm, der ligner nedenstående, hvor computerens MAC vises, og netværkskortet anmoder om en IP-adresse via DHCP .
Når computeren er tilsluttet netværket, indlæser og viser Serva en skærm med de operativsystemer, der er tilgængelige til installation. Vælg den du ønsker, og tryk på ENTER .
Installationsfilerne indlæses, og et lille vindue med navnet ServaPENet vises. På dette trin installerer Serva den netværksdriver, du tilføjede tidligere, indlæser netværksressourcer og opretter forbindelse til Windows - installationsmappen. Afhængigt af hvordan du delte mappen WIA_WDS , vil den bede dig om at angive et brugernavn og en adgangskode for at få adgang til den. Indtast detaljerne for den brugerkonto, du delte den med, og tilslut.
Hvis alt gik godt, er Windows -installationsprocessen nu startet.
Trin 8 - Installer Windows over netværket
Fortsæt derefter med Windows -installationen som normalt. Hvis du planlægger at installere Windows 8 , så tjek denne installationsvejledning: Sådan installeres Windows 8 RTM på din computer(How to Install Windows 8 RTM on Your Computer) .
Fejlfinding af problemer med Serva
Hvis du ikke er opmærksom på alle trinene i denne procedure, vil nogle ting sandsynligvis mislykkes. Her er nogle ting, vi lærte, mens vi eksperimenterede med dette værktøj:
If ServaPENet returns this error: "Failed No NIC/Driver, Aborting!", it means that you forgot to copy the network card drivers as instructed at Step 4. If you copied them and you still get the error, double check that you have the correct driver for the network card of the computer where you want to install Windows, for the Windows version you are about to install. Also, double check that you copied it to the correct folder. Then, restart Serva to make sure it detects the driver before the network installation procedure starts.
If, on the target computer, Serva is not able to load at all over the network, consider enabling the "Bind DHCP to this address" and "Bind TFTP to this address" settings in the DHCP and TFTP tabs.
One last piece of advice is to check the Serva logs. The messages shown there can help you troubleshoot different problems.
Et andet godt tip er at genstarte Serva , hver gang du ændrer nogen af dens indstillinger, og hver gang du tilføjer noget til dens rodmappe.
Da vi ikke er udviklere af denne software, kan vi ikke yde support til den og hjælpe dig med alle de problemer, du måtte støde på. Hvis vores guide ikke hjælper dig, så dobbelttjek Servas dokumentation - Serva Serva PXE/BINL - AN01: Windows Install og avanceret konfigurationsvejledning - Avancerede emner på TFTP(Advanced Topics on TFTP) .
Konklusion
Som du kan se i denne guide, kræver det en del tid og opmærksomhed at sætte ting op med Serva . Det er dog den enkleste måde at installere enhver moderne version af Windows på over netværket. Det fungerer godt både til hjemmenetværk og små eller mellemstore virksomhedsnetværk.
Hvis du kender andre nyttige værktøjer til at installere Windows over netværket, tøv ikke med at dele dem ved hjælp af kommentarformularen nedenfor.
How to Install Any Version of Windows from Other Network Computers
Talk аbout a complеx thing to do: installing Windowѕ over the network. Even installing it via a UЅB drive is simpler. Howevеr, this doesn't mean it cаnnot be done. Using a free tool named Serva and a bit of time and attention, anyone can set up his/her network environment so that Windows installations are performed with ease, from one network computer. Here's how the whole process works!
VERY IMPORTANT Prerequisites
There are many things you need to prepare beforehand, so that everything works smoothly. Please don't skip any of these elements or the likelihood of failure will be high:
You need to download and extract a little tool named Serva. Download the appropriate version for your operating system (32-bit or 64-bit). You will notice that there are a "Non-Supporter" version and a "Supporter" version. The free one is the "Non-Supporter" version. It includes a small annoyance when you start it, plus a few limitations that won't impact you unless you are a network admin or IT professional who needs to install lots of operating systems on many network computers. If you are such a professional, go ahead and purchase the "Supporter" version which costs a fair $29.99.
"D:SERVA"
You need the original installation files for the operating system(s) you want to install over the network. Have them at hand as you will need to copy them to a special folder, as they are, without modifications.
For the computers where you are about to install Windows over the network, identify their exact network card model(s). Then, download the appropriate drivers for the Windows version you are about to install on them. By default, Windows setup programs support a limited number of network cards. If your system is rather new, then it is very likely that it won't support its network card and the installation procedure will fail.
Every time you run Serva, run it as administrator. This way it has the required permissions to create files, save the settings you make, etc.
When you run Serva, make sure that it is not blocked by your firewall. The application must be set as allowed on the computer where it runs, otherwise it won't be able to transfer anything over the network.
The computer where the installation files are stored and the one where you want to install Windows must be part of the same network. This means that you have a router on your home network, managing network IP addresses and network traffic. If not, then you should directly connect the two computers with a crossover cable.
Step 1 - Run Serva & Make Its Initial Configuration
Run Serva as administrator. The free version will ask you to wait for 7 seconds before you can use it. Once the wait is over, click "Thanks, not today".
Its window is now open. Click Settings.
First, go to the DHCP tab. If your computers are part of the same network and the management of IP Addresses is taken care of by your router, enable these settings: proxyDHCP and BINL.
BINL is a special add-on that acts as a DHCP protocol extension and it is used by Serva during its preparation and maintenance procedures. proxyDHCP is a special setting that tells Serva that it doesn't need to act as a DCHP server in order to provide IP addresses to the computers connecting to it.
Even though Serva's developers don't recommending enabling this setting, we have learned in our testing that it helps eliminate some issues. Therefore, also enable the box which says "Bind DHCP to this address" and leave the default IP address that is provided.
There is no need to modify other settings in this tab. Next, go to the TFTP tab.
TFTP comes from Trivial File Transfer Protocol and it is the protocol used by Serva to transfer files over the network. This protocol needs a bit of configuration as well.
First, check the box near TFTP Server. Then, you need to specify the so called "root" directory. This is the directory where you plan to store the Windows installation files. This folder can be the same folder where you extracted Serva or a new one. Keep in mind that you should use short paths and avoid using spaces and special characters (*, &, ", etc) in the directory name or its path.
To help eliminate problems in some networking environments, you might want to also check the box near "Bind TFTP to this address" and leave the default IP address unchanged.
Press OK to save your settings. Then close Serva and start it again (as administrator). During the restart, it will create a special folder structure in the root folder you specified.
Amongst those folders, you must find one named WIA_WDS and another named WIA_RIS. If they are not found inside the root folder you specified, something went wrong with Serva's configuration. If all is well, go ahead and read the next section in this article.
Step 2 - Copy the Windows Installation Files
Go to the root folder you specified. Here, you need to copy the Windows installation files, as they are, without any modifications from your side.
If you want to install older versions of Windows like Windows XP or Windows 2000, you need to copy those files in the WIA_RIS folder. Since these operating systems are very old and we don't recommend using them, we won't provide specific instructions for them.
If you plan to install Windows Vista, Windows 7 or Windows 8, then open the WIA_WDS folder. There, create a new folder named according to the Windows version you want to copy. Use simple folder names, with no spaces or special characters. For example, I used Windows_7.
Create separate folders, with different names for all the Windows versions you plan to install over the network, using Serva.
Inside that folder, copy and paste all the installation files for the Windows version you want to install over the network. Simply go to the root of the installation disc, and copy its entire file and folder structure.
Step 3 - Start Serva
Start Serva again, as administrator and wait for it to detect the installation files you added. It will create its special folder structure, required to distribute the installation files over the network.
Then, close Serva and go to the next step.
Step 4 - Copy the Network Card Driver(s)
Next, you need to copy the network card drivers for the computer(s) on which you want to install Windows.
Go the folder where you copied the installation files. In my case it was "D:serva" (both the root and Serva installation folder), followed by "WIA_WDSWindows_7".
There, go to "$OEM$$1DriversNIC". If you can't find these folders, create them yourself.
Then, extract the network card drivers and place them inside. If your drivers come as a setup.exe or as a self-extractable archive, extract it first. Make sure the driver's ".inf" and ".cat" files are stored directly in the NIC folder.
Step 5 - Share WIA_WDS Folder with the Network
In order for Serva to distribute the Windows installation files over the network, they need to be shared with the network, so that other computers can access them. Unfortunately, Serva requires you to share the WIA_WDS folder (and not its subfolders or other folders) using a very specific share name: WIA_WDS_SHARE. Using any other share name means that the installation procedure is likely to fail.
To share this folder with the name we mentioned, you first need to enable advanced sharing in Windows and then share it. Here's how advanced sharing works in Windows: Share Libraries or Folders Using Advanced Sharing.
You must give the user Everyone read-only permissions. You can also share this folder with specific user accounts, whose login details you will use later on, during the network installation process. Again, read-only permissions are enough.
Step 6 - Start Serva
Start Serva again, using administrator permissions. It will detect the network drivers you added and make a few changes, so that the drivers are distributed correctly when you launch the installation process on other computers. You can now leave it open and waiting for network connections.
Next, go to the computer(s) where you want to install Windows.
Step 7 - On the Target PC - Enable Lan Booting & Boot from the Network
Go to the computer where you want to install Windows and enter its BIOS. Make sure networking booting is enabled. This setting can be named "Boot from the network" or "Boot from PXE".
Then, start the computer and press the required key to bring up the Boot Menu. On most computers, you need to press F12 or F8, depending on the BIOS version. Select Network or PXE (again, this depends on your computer's BIOS), to boot from the network, using Serva.
If all is well, you should see a screen similar to the one below, where the computer's MAC is displayed and the network card requests an IP address via DHCP.
When the computer is connected to the network, Serva loads and displays a screen with the operating systems available for installation. Pick the one you want and press ENTER.
The installation files are loaded and a small window named ServaPENet is shown. At this step, Serva installs the network driver you added earlier, loads network resources and connects to the Windows installation folder. Depending on how you shared the WIA_WDS folder, it will ask you to provide a username and password to access it. Type the details of the user account you shared it with and connect.
If all went well, the Windows installation process is now started.
Step 8 - Install Windows Over the Network
Next, continue with the Windows installation, as usual. If you plan to install Windows 8, check this installation guide: How to Install Windows 8 RTM on Your Computer.
Troubleshooting Problems with Serva
If you don't pay attention to all the steps in this procedure, some things are likely to fail. Here are some things we learned while experimenting with this tool:
If ServaPENet returns this error: "Failed No NIC/Driver, Aborting!", it means that you forgot to copy the network card drivers as instructed at Step 4. If you copied them and you still get the error, double check that you have the correct driver for the network card of the computer where you want to install Windows, for the Windows version you are about to install. Also, double check that you copied it to the correct folder. Then, restart Serva to make sure it detects the driver before the network installation procedure starts.
If, on the target computer, Serva is not able to load at all over the network, consider enabling the "Bind DHCP to this address" and "Bind TFTP to this address" settings in the DHCP and TFTP tabs.
One last piece of advice is to check the Serva logs. The messages shown there can help you troubleshoot different problems.
Another good tip is to restart Serva every time you change any of its settings and every time you add something to its root folder.
Since we are not the developers of this software, we cannot provide support for it and help you with all the issues you might encounter. If our guide does not help you, then double check Serva's documentation - Serva PXE/BINL - AN01: Windows Install and advanced configuration guide - Advanced Topics on TFTP.
Conclusion
As you can see from this guide, setting things up with Serva requires quite a bit of time and attention. However, it is the simplest way of installing any modern version of Windows over the network. It works great both for home networks and small or medium sized business networks.
If you know other useful tools for installing Windows over the network, don't hesitate to share them using the comments form below.
